You should consult with your employees before finalising any redundancies.
If you do not hold genuine and meaningful consultation before making redundancies, employees could claim to an employment tribunal for unfair dismissal.
Consultation is when you talk and listen to affected employees. In 'collective consultation' you also consult with their representatives.
You should use consultation to try and agree actions wherever possible, for example the selection criteria.
During consultation, you should discuss:
- the changes that are needed, what you propose to do, and why
- ways to avoid or make fewer redundancies
- the skills and experience needed for the future
- the criteria for selecting employees for redundancy
- any concerns employees may have
- how you can support and arrange time off for affected employees, for example to update their CVs and get training
Employees will often have good ideas that may help to avoid redundancies. You do not have to agree to their suggestions, but it's important to seriously consider any ideas that could reduce redundancies, otherwise employees could claim the redundancy process has been unfair.
If you have any questions about holding redundancy consultations you can contact the Acas helpline.
Check if you need to hold collective consultation
If you're proposing to make 20 or more redundancies, you must hold 'collective consultation'.
You might have a workplace policy or agreement that says you must collectively consult a trade union or employee representatives, no matter how many redundancies you're proposing.
It can still be good practice to collectively consult even if you do not have to. It can help:
- you to fully be involved with employees about ways to achieve the change that's needed
- reduce negative effects on employees
- the process be fairer and quicker
- employees feel that any decisions are fair, and so reduce risks of legal claims
- you minimise risk where the number of proposed redundancies is close to, or might reach 20
Employees could make a claim to an employment tribunal for a protective award if you fail to collectively consult.
Check if you need to hold collective consultation
If employee representatives are needed
There may be employee representatives already in place, for example as part of an information and consultation agreement.
If there are no employee representatives in place, you must arrange to elect them. Employees affected by redundancy have the right to vote for employee representatives or stand for election.
Find out more about electing employee representatives
How to hold individual consultation meetings
Some parts of consultation could be in small groups or team meetings.
You should meet each affected employee in private, at least once.
Meetings can be on the phone if you both agree to it and there is a clear need, for example if someone works remotely.
You should consider allowing employees to be accompanied at any one-to-one meeting. A companion can be helpful as they can:
- give the employee support
- be a neutral person to observe
- speak for the employee if needed
You should make sure any managers who lead consultation meetings:
- have had training in managing the meeting appropriately
- are fully informed about the redundancy proposals and process
- can present the plan for the redundancy process clearly
- can provide everyone with a questions and answers document
Use our template letter inviting an employee to a consultation meeting
How long consultation lasts
There are no rules for how long individual consultation should last. But you should check if you have a policy or agreement in place that does have rules.
You do not need to reach an agreement for consultation to end. Consultation must be meaningful and you should be able to show you have genuinely considered any suggestions or points made by each employee, even if you do not accept them.
If there has been a TUPE transfer
If there are redundancies after a TUPE transfer, consultation can start before the transfer and continue after. But you should not select employees for redundancy before the transfer takes place.